Apple Macintosh shortcut keys

Note that not all of the below shortcut keys will work in all versions of Mac OS.

Note: You may be able to use the Command key in place of the "Open Apple" key in the shortcuts below for later versions of Mac OS.

Shift + Click	Select the icon and add it to the set of those selected.
Tab	Highlight the next icon inside the folder, in alphabetical order.
Shift + Tab	Highlight the previous icon inside the folder, in alphabetical order.
Left arrow	Used when viewing by icon to select the icon to the left of the one highlighted.
Right arrow	Used when viewing by icon to select icon to the right of the one highlighted.
Up arrow	Used to select the icon above the one currently highlighted.
Down arrow	Used to select the icon below the one currently highlighted.
Open Apple + ?	Mac help
Open Apple + E	Eject
Open Apple + Shift + Up Arrow	Used to direct the input focus to the desktop level.
Open Apple + M	Minimize window
Open Apple + N	New finder window
Open Apple + Shift + N	New folder
Open Apple + W	Close the current window.
Open Apple + C	Copy the selected item to the clipboard.
Open Apple + X	Cut the selected item.
Open Apple + V	Paste item from the clipboard
Open Apple + L	Make alias
Open Apple + R	Show original item
Open Apple + T	Add to favorites
Open Apple + O	Open the selected icon.
Open Apple + F	Display the find dialog box.
Open Apple + G	Repeat the last find operation.
Open Apple + Shift + G	Takes a snapshot of the screen and saves it to a PICT file.
Command + A	Select all text and objects
Command + B	Change selected text to boldface
Command + F	Open the Find window
Command + I	Italicize the selected text
Command + P	Open the Print dialog window
Command + U	Underline the selected text
Command + Shift + P	Open the Page Setup window, to change document parameters
Command + Shift + Control + 3 Open Apple + Down Opens the selected icon.	Capture screenshot of current screen and save to the Clipboard

 

Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts

Shortcut	Description
Power button	Press to turn on your Mac or wake your Mac from sleep. Press and hold for 1.5 seconds while your Mac is awake to display a dialog asking if you want to sleep, restart, or shut down. If you don't want to wait 1.5 seconds, press Control–Power button or Control–Media Eject  .* Press and hold for 5 seconds to force your Mac to turn off.
Control–Command–Power button	Force your Mac to restart.*
Control–Shift–Power button or Control–Shift–Media Eject	Put your displays to sleep.*
Control–Command–Media Eject	Quit all apps, then restart your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you'll be asked whether you want to save them.*
Control–Option–Command–Power button or Control–Option–Command–Media Eject	Quit all apps, then shut down your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you'll be asked whether you want to save them.*
Shift-Command-Q	Log out of your macOS user account. You'll be asked to confirm.
Option-Shift-Command-Q	Log out of your macOS user account immediately, without being asked to confirm.

*Doesn't apply to keyboards that have a Touch Bar.

Document shortcuts

Shortcut	Description
Command-B	Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.
Command-I	Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off.
Command-U	Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.
Command-T	Show or hide the Fonts window.
Command-D	Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog.
Control-Command-D	Show or hide the definition of the selected word.
Shift-Command-Colon (:)	Display the Spelling and Grammar window.
Command-Semicolon (;)	Find misspelled words in the document.
Option-Delete	Delete the word to the left of the insertion point.
Control-H	Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use Delete.
Control-D	Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete.
Fn-Delete	Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete  key. Or use Control-D.
Control-K	Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph.
Command-Delete	Select Delete or Don't Save in a dialog that contains a Delete or Don't Save button.
Fn–Up Arrow	Page Up: Scroll up one page.
Fn–Down Arrow	Page Down: Scroll down one page.
Fn–Left Arrow	Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document.
Fn–Right Arrow	End: Scroll to the end of a document.
Command–Up Arrow	Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document.
Command–Down Arrow	Move the insertion point to the end of the document.
Command–Left Arrow	Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line.
Command–Right Arrow	Move the insertion point to the end of the current line.
Option–Left Arrow	Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.
Option–Right Arrow	Move the insertion point to the end of the next word.
Shift–Command–Up Arrow	Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document.
Shift–Command–Down Arrow	Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document.
Shift–Command–Left Arrow	Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line.
Shift–Command–Right Arrow	Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line.
Shift–Up Arrow	Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above.
Shift–Down Arrow	Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below.
Shift–Left Arrow	Extend text selection one character to the left.
Shift–Right Arrow	Extend text selection one character to the right.
Option–Shift–Up Arrow	Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Down Arrow	Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Left Arrow	Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Right Arrow	Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again.
Control-A	Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
Control-E	Move to the end of a line or paragraph.
Control-F	Move one character forward.
Control-B	Move one character backward.
Control-L	Center the cursor or selection in the visible area.
Control-P	Move up one line.
Control-N	Move down one line.
Control-O	Insert a new line after the insertion point.
Control-T	Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point.
Command–Left Curly Bracket ({)	Left align.
Command–Right Curly Bracket (})	Right align.
Shift–Command–Vertical bar (|)	Center align.
Option-Command-F	Go to the search field.
Option-Command-T	Show or hide a toolbar in the app.
Option-Command-C	Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.
Option-Command-V	Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item.
Option-Shift-Command-V	Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content.
Option-Command-I	Show or hide the inspector window.
Shift-Command-P	Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings.
Shift-Command-S	Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate the current document.
Shift–Command– Minus sign (-)	Decrease the size of the selected item.
Shift–Command– Plus sign (+)	Increase the size of the selected item. Command–Equal sign (=) performs the same function.
Shift–Command– Question mark (?)	Open the Help menu.

Finder shortcuts

Shortcut	Description
Command-D	Duplicate the selected files.
Command-E	Eject the selected disk or volume.
Command-F	Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window.
Command-I	Show the Get Info window for a selected file.
Shift-Command-C	Open the Computer window.
Shift-Command-D	Open the desktop folder.
Shift-Command-F	Open the All My Files window.
Shift-Command-G	Open a Go to Folder window.
Shift-Command-H	Open the Home folder of the current macOS user account.
Shift-Command-I	Open iCloud Drive.
Shift-Command-K	Open the Network window.
Option-Command-L	Open the Downloads folder.
Shift-Command-O	Open the Documents folder.
Shift-Command-R	Open the AirDrop window.
Shift-Command-T	Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mountain Lion or earlier)
Control-Shift-Command-T	Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later)
Shift-Command-U	Open the Utilities folder.
Option-Command-D	Show or hide the Dock. This often works even when you're not in the Finder.
Control-Command-T	Add the selected item to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or later).
Option-Command-P	Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows.
Option-Command-S	Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows.
Command–Slash (/)	Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows.
Command-J	Show View Options.
Command-K	Open the Connect to Server window.
Command-L	Make an alias of the selected item.
Command-N	Open a new Finder window.
Shift-Command-N	Create a new folder.
Option-Command-N	Create a new Smart Folder.
Command-R	Show the original file for the selected alias.
Command-T	Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
Shift-Command-T	Show or hide a Finder tab.
Option-Command-T	Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
Option-Command-V	Move: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location.
Option-Command-Y	View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files.
Command-Y	Use Quick Look to preview the selected files.
Command-1	View the items in the Finder window as icons.
Command-2	View the items in a Finder window as a list.
Command-3	View the items in a Finder window in columns.
Command-4	View the items in a Finder window with Cover Flow.
Command–Left Bracket ([)	Go to the previous folder.
Command–Right Bracket (])	Go to the next folder.
Command–Up Arrow	Open the folder that contains the current folder.
Command–Control–Up Arrow	Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window.
Command–Down Arrow	Open the selected item.
Command–Mission Control	Show the desktop. This works even when you're not in the Finder.
Command–Brightness Up	Turn Target Display Mode on or off.
Command–Brightness Down	Turn display mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display.
Right Arrow	Open the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Left Arrow	Close the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Option–double-click	Open a folder in a separate window and close the current window.
Command–double-click	Open a folder in a separate tab or window.
Command-Delete	Move the selected item to the Trash.
Shift-Command-Delete	Empty the Trash.
Option-Shift-Command-Delete	Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog.
Command-Y	Use Quick Look to preview the files.
Option–Brightness Up	Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key.
Option–Mission Control	Open Mission Control preferences.
Option–Volume Up	Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys.
Command key while dragging	Move the dragged item to another volume or location. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
Option key while dragging	Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
Option-Command while dragging	Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
Option-click a disclosure triangle	Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Command-click a window title	See the folders that contain the current folder.

 

Shortcuts With Global Scope

More shortcuts with global scope can be found on the Universal Access page.

command-option-esc	force quit
hold command-shift-option-escape for 4 sec	Force quit front-most application (without confirmation)
control-eject	show shutdown dialog
command-option-eject	sleep now
command-shift-Q	log out
command-shift-option-Q	log out without confirmation
command-control-eject	restart
control-shift-eject	sleep displays
command-option-control-eject	shut down
command-tab	cycle between open applications
command-`	*after* having pressed command-tab, it will cycle between open applications in reverse
command-shift-tab	cycle between open applications in reverse direction
command-`	cycle between open windows in the selected application
command-shift-`	cycle between open windows in the selected application in reverse direction
control-F4	cycle between open windows in all applications
control-shift-F4	cycle between open windows in all applications in reverse direction
F8	Spaces (Leopard only)
F9	Exposé for all windows (Panther and newer)
F10	Exposé for all windows in selected application
F11	Exposé to reveal desktop
F12	Dashboard (Tiger and newer)
control-#	Jump to a space (10.5+)
control-arrow	Cycle through spaces (10.5+)
command-space	activate Spotlight (Tiger) or switch between keyboard layouts (pre-Tiger systems)
command-option-space	open a Spotlight search in a finder "Find" window
shift-volume	Change volume without sound effect
option-shift-volume	Fine-grained volume control (10.5+ ?)
option-volume	Sound Preference Pane
option-brightness	Display Preference Pane
command-decrease-brightness	Change display mode (only on revised fn keyboard layout on Alu. keyboards, newer MBP/MBs?)
opt-"Empty Trash"	Empty trash, including locked items, without any alerts
command-escape	open front row (Press any F key (except F2) or Escape to exit)
hold shift while performing action	slow down any animation (exposé, time machine, minimize, etc)
option-drag scrollbar	smooth scrolling
option-eject	Eject secondary optical media drive (if one exists)
option-click dock icon or window	Switch to application and hide previous application
command-option-click dock icon or window	Switch to application and hide all others
command-drag menulet	re-order icon
command-drag menulet off the menu bar	remove icon from menu bar

Command-Tab Box

Press command-tab and hold the command key to keep the box open. Release the command key to switch to the selected application.

escape	exit command-tab box (equivalent to pressing the period key (.))
H	hide application
Q	quit application
left/right arrow keys or home/end or `(grave accent)/tab	select an application (you can also aim with the mouse)
up/down arrow keys	view windows of selected application (use arrow keys to navigate, then press enter to select window)

Dock

hold option while in Dock menu	change the Quit to Force Quit
option-command-drag onto Dock icon	force application to open dropped item
option-drag Dock separator	force the Dock to only resize to non-interpolated icon sizes
command-drag Dock icon to destination	copy a Dock item to somewhere else on the hard drive
shift-drag Dock divider	move Dock to left, bottom, or right side of screen
command-drag onto Dock icon	prevent Dock icons from moving
command-click Dock icon	show dock item in Finder

Keyboard Navigation in Mac OS X Core Apps

Expose, Spaces
tab (Expose)	cycle through Expose'd windows
tab (Spaces)	cycle through Spaces
number (Spaces)	focus specific space
c (Spaces)	collect all windows in space 1
Dashboard
command-right arrow	go to next page of widgets in widget dock
command-left arrow	go to previous page of widgets in widget dock
command-+	show/hide widget dock
command-R	reload widget
option-hover pointer over widget	show close button for widget
Spotlight
escape	clear search field (press again to close menu)
tab	select current search term (equivalent to command-a)
command-enter	show selected file in Finder (equivalent to command-R or command-clicking an item)
command-up arrow	move to the first result in the previous category
command-down arrow	move to the first result in the next category
Finder
shift-command-T	Add to Favorites
command-T	Add to Sidebar
escape	Cancel a drag-and-drop action while dragging
option-click zoom button	Cascade all Finder windows
option-click close box or command-option-W	Close all open finder windows (except popup windows)
shift-option-command-W	Close all open finder windows (including popup windows)
command-K	Connect to Server
option-drag file	Copy file to location
option-command-A	Deselect all items
command-E	Eject
shift-command-delete	Empty the Trash (with warning)
shift-option-command-delete	Empty the Trash (without warning)
command-F	Find any matching Spotlight attribute
shift-command-F	Find Spotlight file name matches
shift-option-command-escape	Force Quit Finder
control-command-I	Get Summary Info
command-[	Go Back
command-]	Go Forward
shift-command-G	Go to Folder dialog (with Tab Autocomplete)
shift-command-H	Go to home folder of current user
shift-command-?	Mac Help
option-command-drag file	Make alias of file
command-L	Make alias of the selected item
shift-option-command-up arrow	Make desktop the active window, select parent volume
Page Down or control-down arrow	Move down one page
command-drag file	Move file
command-delete	Move to Trash
Page Up or control-up arrow	Move up one page
command-N	New Finder window
shift-command-N	New folder
option-command-N	New Smart Folder
shift-command-D	Open desktop folder
control-command-up arrow	Open enclosed folder in a new window
Space while dragging	When dragging file onto folder it will spring open without the usual delay
shift-command-I	Open iDisk
shift-command-K	Open Network window
command-up arrow	Open parent folder (if there is no selection or open windows, open Home)
option-command-up arrow	Open parent folder, closing current folder
command-O	Open selected item
command-down arrow	Open selected item (if there is no selection or open windows, open Desktop)
option-command-down arrow	Open selected item, closing current folder
command-click sidebar icon	Open Sidebar item in a new window
shift-command-A	Open the Applications folder
shift-command-C	Open the Computer window
shift-command-U	Open Utilities folder
Space or command-Y	Quick Look selected item
option-spacebar	Fullscreen quicklook selected item
Return or Enter	Rename the selected file/folder (escape cancels, enter accepts the changes)
double-click resize widget	Resize current column to fit the longest file name
tab (shift-tab reverses direction)	Select the next icon in Icon and List views
option-hover pointer over filenames	Show full name if condensed with an ellipsis
option-command-I	Show Inspector (a single window that updates based on selected item or items)
command-R	Show original (of alias)
command-J	Show View Options
option-command-Y	Slideshow of selection
command-1, command-2, command-3, command-4	Switch Finder views (Icon, List, Column, Cover Flow)
command-Z	Undo
shift-command-Z	Redo
Finder - Icon View
command-1	switch to icon view
tab/shift-tab	move between icons
Finder - Column View
command-3	Switch to Column View
tab/shift-tab	switch between panes
option-double-click resize widget	resize all columns to fit their longest file names
type anything	Find As You Type within the focused pane (FAYT)
right	Focus contents of selected directory in a new pane
left	go one pane back
Finder - List View
command-2	switch to list view
type anything	Find As You Type (FAYT)
tab	cycle through contents of folder, wrapping around
shift tab
command-up	change working directory to parent
right	open selected folder
left (on a file)	jump to parent folder, if that folder is visible
left (on folder)	close that folder, if open
option-right	open all children of all selected folders
option-left	close all selected folders and children
option-click disclosure triangle	expand/collapse folder and children, recursively
Cover Flow
command-4	switch to cover flow view
open..., save..., browse...
/	go to... dialogue, allowing one to specify full pathnames from root file. w/ Tab Autocomplete
command-shift-g	Go to folder... dialogs. w/ Tab Autocomplete
tab space	activate disclosure triangle

Column View Note:

• A hollow arrow indicates that the pane with the selected folder is active.
• A solid white arrow indicates that contents of the selected folder are active in the pane to the right .
• The behavior of FAYT/Tab in Column View is functionally equivalent to tab-autocomplete on a standard *nix shell.

Taking Screenshots

The Taking Screenshots in Mac OS X article includes keyboard shortcuts related to taking screenshots.

Dialog Boxes

enter	click the default button in dialog box (the button that is entirely blue) (The return key also works if there are no text fields that use return)
space	click the focused button (the button that has a blue halo around it)
option with Enter, Return, or Tab	applies that key to a text box without leaving the box
command-.	cancel (equivalent to pressing the escape key)
command-D	don’t save (in save/cancel/don’t save dialog)
command-R	replace (in “Do you want to replace this file” dialog)
type first letter in button label	press Button
tab (shift-tab reverses direction)	tab between buttons (Full Keyboard Access must be turned on in System Preferences)

Shortcuts Common to Most Applications

hold option key with menu open	show additional menu options
spacebar	simulate a mouse click on focused object (i.e., the button or control that has a blue halo around it)
command-shift-?	Search application help. As of 10.5, this also FAYT searches available menu items. It also activates the menu bar as keyboard navigable if the search string is empty.
command-shift-+	increase font size
command--	decrease font size
command-,	preferences
command-?	help
command-shift-:	show spelling window
command-;	check spelling
command-A	select all
command-C	copy
command-D	duplicate
command-shift-C	show colors
command-E	use selection for find
command-F	find
command-G	find next
command-shift-G	find previous
command-H	hide application windows
command-option-H	hide windows of other applications
command-J	scroll to selection
command-M	minimize (equivalent to double-clicking the title bar)
command-option-M	minimize all application windows (equivalent to option-double-clicking the title bar or option-clicking the minimize button)
command-N	new
command-O	open
command-P	print
command-Q	quit
command-S	save
command-S	save
command-shift-S	save as
command-option-S	save all
command-T	show fonts
command-V	paste
command-W	close window
command-option-W	close all application windows (equivalent to option-clicking the close button)
command-shift-W	close a file and its associated windows
command-X	cut
command-Z	undo
command-shift-Z	redo

Other Application Shortcuts

command-option-T	show/hide a toolbar
command-click toolbar lozenge	cycle forward through toolbar displays
command-shift-click toolbar lozenge	cycle backward through toolbar displays
command-drag toolbar icon	re-order icon
command-drag toolbar icon off the toolbar	remove icon from toolbar
command-drag title bar	move window without bringing it to front
command-click file name in title bar	show file path in popup

Text Shortcuts

These shortcuts can be used within all text areas in Cocoa applications.

option-left arrow	move left one word
option-right arrow	move right one word
control-delete	delete accent to left
option-delete	back delete one word
shift-option-delete	foward delete one word (equivalent to option-del)
option-up arrow	move up one paragraph
option-down arrow	move down one paragraph
command-up arrow	move to beginning of all text
command-down arrow	move to end of all text
control-left arrow	move to start of current line
command-left arrow
control-right arrow	move to end of current line
command-right arrow
shift + any of the above	extend selection by appropriate amount
click then drag	select text
double-click then drag	select text, wrapping to word ends
triple-click then drag	select text, wrapping to paragraph ends
shift-select text with mouse	add to selection (contiguous)
command-select text with mouse	add to selection (non-contiguous)
option-drag	select rectangular area (non-contiguous)
command-option-drag	add rectangular area to selection
drag selection	move text
option-drag selection	copy text
command-control-D	use the dictionary to look up the word under the mouse pointer
escape	show auto-complete list for word (equivalent to F5 or option-escape)
control-A	move to start of current paragraph
control-B	move left one character
control-D	forwards delete
control-E	move to end of current paragraph
control-F	move right one character
control-H	delete
control-K	delete remainder of current paragraph
control-N	move down one line
control-O	insert new line after cursor
control-P	move up one line
control-T	transpose (swap) two surrounding character
control-V	move to end, then left one character
control-Y	paste text previously deleted with control-K

System startup

Hold down these keys to cause a Mac to perform special actions at startup time.

C	boot from CD or DVD
D	force the boot device to be the internal hard drive
T	start up in FireWire/Thunderbolt target mode (the Mac temporarily becomes a very expensive external FireWire/Thunderbolt drive)
X	force boot into Mac OS X (older Macs that dual-boot into OS 9 and X)
N	boot from Network drive
shift	hold after power-up to boot into safe mode, hold after login to prevent startup items from opening
mouse button	eject CD before booting normally
command-S	boot into single user mode; type exit when done
command-option-O-F	boot into the Open Firmware prompt
command-option-P-R	reset PRAM
command-option-V	verbose boot; show the Unixy text goodness at boot time
command-option-shift-delete	bypass internal hard drive and boot from external drive or CD
option	choose startup disk at boot time
command-.	when startup disk chooser is active, open the CD tray

Customizing shortcuts

Many system-wide shortcuts can be customized. This is described in detail in the Changing Keyboard Shortcuts article.

Shortcuts on laptops

On most Mac laptops, some of the function keys (F1 - F12) are used to control hardware features:

F1	decrease brightness
F2	increase brightness
F3	mute on G4s, decrease volume on G3s
F4	decrease volume on G4s, increase volume on G3s
F5	increase volume on G4s, numlock on G3s
F6	Num lock on G4s, mute on G3s
F7	Display mode (mirror or extend external display)
F8	disable backlit keyboards (Aluminum PowerBooks)
F9	decrease keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards
F10	increase keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards
F12	eject (some Macs, namely all MacBooks, MacBook Pros, and newer PowerBooks, place a dedicated eject key next to the F12 key)

Newer Mac laptops (MacBook Pros made after February 2008, MacBooks after November(?) 2007, MacBook Airs), and the Aluminum keyboard, have a different layout for fn keys. Some keys have been added, while the numlock key has been removed and the display mode key has been integrated into the brightness key (see combinations in parenthesis)

F1	decrease brightness (command+F1 changes display mode, option+F1 brings up display prefs)
F2	increase brightness (option+F2 brings up display prefs)
F3	exposé (F3 shows all windows, control+F3 shows app windows, option+F3 brings up exposé prefs, command+F3 shows desktop)
F4	dashboard (option+F4 brings up exposé prefs)
F5	decrease keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards (option+F5 brings up keyboard prefs)
F6	increase keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards (option+F6 brings up keyboard prefs)
F7	media navigation backwards (like hitting back on Apple Remote)
F8	media play/pause (like hitting play/pause on Apple Remote)
F9	media navigation forwards (like hitting next on Apple Remote)
F10	mute volume (option+F10 brings up sound prefs)
F11	decrease volume (option+shift+F11 for incremental decrease, option+F11 brings up sound prefs)
F12	increase volume (option+shift+F12 for incremental increase, option+F12 brings up sound prefs)

If you want to use these function keys for standard keyboard shortcuts, you must use the fn key, located in the lower-left corner of the keyboard. For example, to use Spaces on these keyboards, you must press fn-F8; to shift between all open windows in all applications, you must press ctrl-fn-F4; etc.
This behaviour can be altered in the Keyboard tab of the Keyboard & Mouse preference pane, so that hardware functions (like screen brightness) require pressing fn, and standard keyboard shortcuts (like Spaces) work without the fn key.

Application specific shortcuts

iPhoto

command-option-backspace	delete pictures from the library from within an album
command-1,2,3,4,5	rate picture

iTunes

command-option-backspace	delete songs from the library from within a playlist
command-B	show browser
command-L	highlight currently playing track
command-shift-R	reveal currently playing track in Finder (was command-R until iTunes 10)

MS Office 2004

Word 2004

Insert Bullet
Clear Formatting	Cntrl + Spacebar

Powerpoint 2004

page down while in normal view, cursor in the slide window (not notes or outline)	next slide
F6/fn-F6	toggle between Slide, Outline, and notes windows
control-shift-S	start slide show from first slide
control-shift-B	start slide show from current slide

 

 

Top 10 Mac keyboard shortcuts

Ingredients:

• Any Mac running OS X
• Mac-compatible keyboard (has a Command key, not Windows)

 

Quit any Mac program

Command-Q:

Close Mac windows quickly

Command-W, Option-Command-W:

Open a new web browser tab on Mac

Command-T:

Quickly switch between Mac applications

 Command-Tab, Command-~ :

 

Cut, copy and paste on Mac

Command-X, Command-C, Command-V:

Find something fast on your Mac

Command-F: 

Take Mac screenshots

Command-Shift-3, Command-Shift-4:

Open Mac Finder folders

 Command-Shift-A, Command-Shift-U, Command-Shift-D, Command-Shift-H:

 

Force quit a Mac app

Command-Option-Esc:

Hide Mac apps

 Command-H, Command-Option-H: